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Tsongkhapa
Tsongkhapa usually taken to mean "the Man from Onion Valley", born in Amdo, was a famous teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led to the formation of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is also known by his ordained name Losang Drakpa (Wylie: blo bzang grags pa) or simply as "Je Rinpoche" (Wylie: rje rin po che). Also, he is known by the Chinese as Zongkapa Lobsang Zhaba, He was the son of a Tibetan Longben Tribal leader who also once served as an official of the Yuan Dynasty of China.
In his two main treatises, the Lamrim Chenmo (Wylie: lam rim chen mo) and Ngakrim Chenmo (Wylie: sngags rim chen mo), Tsongkhapa meticulously sets forth this graduated way and how one establishes oneself in the paths of sutra and tantra.
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Life History <strong>Early Life</strong>
With a Mongolian father and a Tibetan mother, Tsongkhapa was born into a nomadic family in the walled city of Tsongkhapa in Amdo, Tibet (present-day Haidong and Xining, Qinghai) in 1357. It is said that the Buddha Sakyamuni spoke of his coming as an emanation of the Bodhisattva Manjusri in the short verse from the Root Tantra of Manjushri (Wylie: 'jam dpal rtsa rgyud):
After I pass away
And my pure doctrine is absent,
You will appear as an ordinary being,
Performing the deeds of a Buddha
And establishing the Joyful Land, the great Protector,
In the Land of the Snows.
According to hagiographic accounts, Tsongkhapa's birth was prophesied by the 12th abbot of the Snar thang monastery and was recognized as such at a young age, taking the lay vows at the age of three before Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama, and was named Künga Nyingpo (Wylie: kun dga' snying po). At the age of seven, he was ordained as a ?r?ma?era by Döndrup Rinchen (Wylie: don grub rin chen, 1309–1385), the first abbott of Jakhyung Monastery (Wylie: bya khyung brag), and was given the ordination name Losang Drakpa (Wylie: blo bzang grags pa).
<strong>Monastic career</strong>
It was at this early age that he was able to receive the empowerments of Heruka, Hevajra, and Yamantaka, three of the most prominent wrathful deities of Tibetan Buddhism, as well as being able to recite a great many Sutras, not the least of which was Mañju?r?n?masamg?ti. He would go on to be a great student of the Vinaya, the doctrine of behavior, and even later of the Six Yogas of Naropa, the Kalachakra tantra, and the practice of Mahamudra. At the age of 24, he received full ordination as a monk of the Sakya school.
From Zhönnu Lodrö (Wylie: gzhon nu blo gros) and Rendawa (Wylie: red mda' pa), he received the lineage of the Pramanavarttika transmitted by Sakya Pandita. He mastered all the courses of study at Drigung kagyud Monastery in Ü-Tsang.
As an emanation of Manjusri, Tsongkhapa is said to have been of "one mind" with Ati?a, received the Kadam lineages and studied the major Sarma tantras under Sakya and Kagyu masters. He also studied with a Nyingma teacher, the siddha Lek gyi Dorjé (Wylie: legs gyi rdo rje) and the abbot of Shalu Monastery, Chö kyi Pel (Wylie: zhwa lus pa chos kyi dpal), and his main Dzogchen master was Drupchen Lekyi Dorje (Wylie: grub chen las kyi rdo je), also known as Namkha Gyaltsen (Wylie: nam mkha' rgyal mtshan, 1326–1401).
In addition to his studies, he engaged in extensive meditation retreats. He is reputed to have performed millions of prostrations, mandala offerings, and other forms of purification practice. Tsongkhapa often had visions of i??adevat?s, especially of Manjusri, with whom he would communicate directly to clarify difficult points of the scriptures.
<strong>Monastic career</strong>
It was at this early age that he was able to receive the empowerments of Heruka, Hevajra, and Yamantaka, three of the most prominent wrathful deities of Tibetan Buddhism, as well as being able to recite a great many Sutras, not the least of which was Mañju?r?n?masamg?ti. He would go on to be a great student of the vinaya, the doctrine of behaviour, and even later of the Six Yogas of Naropa, the Kalachakra tantra, and the practice of Mahamudra. At the age of 24, he received full ordination as a monk of the Sakya school.
From Zhönnu Lodrö (Wylie: gzhon nu blo gros) and Rendawa (Wylie: red mda' pa), he received the lineage of the Pramanavarttika transmitted by Sakya Pandita. He mastered all the courses of study at Drigung kagyud Monastery in Ü-Tsang.
As an emanation of Manjusri, Tsongkhapa is said have been of "one mind" with Ati?a, received the Kadam lineages and studied the major Sarma tantras under Sakya and Kagyu masters. He also studied with a Nyingma teacher, the siddha Lek gyi Dorjé (Wylie: legs gyi rdo rje) and the abbot of Shalu Monastery, Chö kyi Pel (Wylie: zhwa lus pa chos kyi dpal), and his main Dzogchen master was Drupchen Lekyi Dorje (Wylie: grub chen las kyi rdo je), also known as Namkha Gyaltsen (Wylie: nam mkha' rgyal mtshan, 1326–1401).
In addition to his studies, he engaged in extensive meditation retreats. He is reputed to have performed millions of prostrations, mandala offerings and other forms of purification practice. Tsongkhapa often had visions of i??adevat?s, especially of Manjusri, with whom he would communicate directly to clarify difficult points of the scriptures.
<strong>Death</strong>
Tsongkhapa died in 1419 at the age of sixty-two. After his death several biographies were written by Lamas of different traditions. Wangchuk Dorje, 9th Karmapa Lama, praised Tsongkhapa as one "who swept away wrong views with the correct and perfect ones." Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama, wrote in his poem In Praise of the Incomparable Tsong Khapa:
When the teachings of the Sakya, Kagyue, Kadam
And Nyingma sects in Tibet were declining,
You, O Tsong Khapa, revived Buddha's Doctrine,
Hence I sing this praise to you of Ganden Mountain.
Refuge tree : Brief Introduction
The Tsongkhapa Gelugpa Refuge Tree is a thangka, or Tibetan painting, that depicts the lineage of teachers and lineages of refuge within the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. The tree is rooted in a deep blue sea, which represents the ocean of samsara, or cyclic existence. The trunk of the tree represents the path to enlightenment, and the branches and leaves represent the different lineages of teachers and teachings that lead to enlightenment.
The central figure in the thangka is Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelugpa tradition. Tsongkhapa is seated on a lotus and sun disk, and he is surrounded by a host of other figures, including bodhisattvas, meditation deities, and protectors. The figures on the left side of the thangka represent the lineage of teachers who transmitted the sutra teachings, while the figures on the right side of the thangka represent the lineage of teachers who transmitted the tantric teachings.
The Tsongkhapa Gelugpa Refuge Tree is a powerful symbol of the Gelugpa tradition's commitment to the path of enlightenment. The tree represents the vast lineage of teachers and teachings that lead to enlightenment, and it reminds practitioners of the importance of following the path and relying on the guidance of their teachers.
Here is a more detailed description of the figures depicted in the thangka:
Tsongkhapa: The central figure in the thangka is Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelugpa tradition. Tsongkhapa is seated on a lotus and sun disk, and he is surrounded by a host of other figures, including bodhisattvas, meditation deities, and protectors. Tsongkhapa is considered to be an emanation of the bodhisattva of wisdom, Manjushri.
The Lineage of Sutra Teachers: The figures on the left side of the thangka represent the lineage of teachers who transmitted the sutra teachings. The sutra teachings are the foundational teachings of Buddhism, and they provide guidance on how to live a moral and ethical life, develop concentration and wisdom, and ultimately achieve enlightenment. The lineage of sutra teachers begins with the Buddha Shakyamuni and continues through a long line of great Indian and Tibetan teachers.
The Lineage of Tantric Teachers: The figures on the right side of the thangka represent the lineage of teachers who transmitted tantric teachings. The tantric teachings are a more advanced form of Buddhist practice that can lead to quicker and more profound results. The lineage of tantric teachers begins with the Buddha Shakyamuni and continues through a long line of great Indian and Tibetan teachers.
The Bodhisattvas: The bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have vowed to help all sentient beings achieve enlightenment. They are depicted in the thangka as beautiful and compassionate figures.
The Meditation Deities: The meditation deities are powerful beings who can help practitioners to develop concentration and wisdom. They are depicted in the thangka as fierce and wrathful figures.
The Protectors: The protectors are benevolent beings who guard the Dharma and protect practitioners from harm. They are depicted in the thangka as fearsome and powerful figures.
The Tsongkhapa Gelugpa Refuge Tree is a beautiful and inspiring work of art that reminds practitioners of the importance of following the path of enlightenment and relying on the guidance of their teachers.
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What is master Quality?
The attribute of "master quality" distinguishes the Tsongkhapa as an embodiment of extraordinary craftsmanship and artistic excellence. This exceptional piece is directly handcrafted by an artist or craftsman of the highest categorization, reflecting their unparalleled skill and expertise. The uniqueness of Tsongkhapa lies in its exclusivity to the artist, making it a rare find with nearly impossible chances of finding an identical piece in the same category. While copies may exist, they can never truly replicate the essence of the original, as an artist or craftsman capable of creating such exceptional artistry would prefer to showcase their own creative vision rather than reproduce another's work.
While there may be copies or imitations of this Tsongkhapa, they will never quite match the original because the artist or craftsman who possesses the capability to create such high-quality art would prefer to produce their distinct pieces rather than replicate someone else's work. This ensures that each Tsongkhapa maintains its individuality and stands apart from any attempts at duplication.
To further emphasize its exceptional nature, the production of this Tsongkhapa involves the involvement of a single artist or meticulous supervision by a master artist. The creation process demands a significant amount of time, typically spanning around 2 to 3 months, as great attention to detail is given to every aspect. This meticulous craftsmanship contributes to the superiority of the product compared to others available in the market.
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Use of Real Gold
This thangka of Tsongkhapa has real gold painted on its surface along with other paints. This is an ancient process of decorating the thangka in Tibetan Buddhism, Here gold is ground into gold dust, which is then mixed with other undisclosed material to make it paintable on the canvas. this mixture is then mixed with transparent glue and painted on the thangka.
Videos of Applying Gold in the Thangka
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Introduction to Thangka
A thangka, also known as tangka, thanka, or tanka, is a vibrant and intricate Tibetan Buddhist painting that serves as a visual representation of spiritual teachings. Crafted with meticulous detail on cotton or silk appliqué, thangkas depict a wide range of subjects including Buddhist deities, sacred scenes, mandalas, and narrative stories. These sacred artworks are traditionally kept unframed and rolled up for storage, resembling ancient scrolls. To protect their delicate nature, thangkas are mounted on textile backings and often adorned with a silk cover on the front. Proper preservation in dry environments is crucial to maintain the integrity and longevity of the silk.
These sacred paintings serve as objects of contemplation, inspiration, and instruction, guiding practitioners on their spiritual path. Thangkas provide a visual gateway to the world of Tibetan Buddhism, encapsulating its rich symbolism, iconography, and spiritual concepts. With their vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and skillful craftsmanship, thangkas offer a profound visual medium for deepening one's understanding and connection to the teachings of Buddhism.
Thangkas come in various sizes, ranging from small pieces resembling Western half-length portraits to grand-scale creations spanning several meters in each dimension. While the larger thangkas are intended for temporary display during religious festivals, the majority of these artworks are designed for personal meditation or as educational aids for monastic students. The compositions of thangkas are meticulously crafted, featuring intricate details and often incorporating numerous small figures. A central deity or focal point is typically surrounded by a symmetrical arrangement of other divine beings, symbols, or narrative elements that convey profound spiritual teachings.
How is Thangka made
First, the canvas on which the painting is to be executed is laid on a wooden frame to determine the required dimensions. This canvas is an extremely finely woven cotton material, referred to in the Holy Scriptures as "Çura Canvas".
Then the canvas is cut, hemmed and, with the use of sturdy strings, very tightly mounted in the wooden frame. Painting is carried out with the frame in an upright position, without any further rigid support or backing.
In this studio, our primary artist, who works virtually exclusively for us, applies the undercoat consisting of a mixture of chalk and glue to the canvas by hand. Other Thangka workshops have turned to mainly using industrially pre-primed canvas.
This photo shows how the canvas, after receiving its base coat followed by a second coating of bone glue, is polished and smoothed by hand with a stone to attain a perfectly smooth, featureless painting surface. Through this process the canvas becomes quite rigid, thereby providing perfect conditions to evoke very finest artistic detail and over-all superior painting quality.
Using a different Thangka, we see how, after mounting, the complete basic pattern of the respective theme is applied to the canvas.
The following picture shows the steps in creating a gold-based Thangka, such as our No PH 9, the "Holy Mount Kailash". To achieve more intensive colour, yet another prime coat, in ochre, is applied, followed by a coat of pure gold. The so-called Thangka painting gold is traditionally produced by members of the Newar people in Nepal. 24-karat gold is ground to finest powder and mixed with bone glue and water in proportions suitable for direct use in painting. Thus, the Thangka gold is not gold leaf at all! Silver can be processed and used in the same way: Mount Kailash and the surrounding peaks in our completed Thangka were not painted with white paint, rather with precious silver.
Here, the nearly completed piece has been removed from the wooden frame. Now only the very finest finishing touches remain to be added, such as compacting the gold and giving Mount Kailash its silver mantle.
K. Lama regarded his already half-finished thangka proudly
The Mount Kailash Thangka, including the black margin (which can also facilitate the fastening of a traditional brocade frame), is now complete. Only the background gold must be compacted in the places where it is later intended to exhibit a sheen.
Here we see an old ballpoint pen casing into which a specially cut agate has been fitted. The back of this semi-precious stone is slightly concave and can be used to compact gold over extensive areas of the Thangka, while the blunt point is used to lineally compact gold, thus creating a shiny effect.
In this way, through partial compaction of the gold or refraining from compaction, nearly three-dimensional effects can be achieved. The glorious sheen of gold artistically treated in this way richly rewards the beholder or meditator with a Thangka possessed of an extraordinarily aesthetic aura.
